一、概述
先用權(quan)抗辯制(zhi)度系屬(shu)發明專利(li)的(de)(de)特有制(zhi)度。《專利(li)法》第(di)六十九條第(di)一款第(di)（二）項規定，在專利(li)申請日(ri)前已(yi)經制(zhi)造(zao)相同(tong)產品、使(shi)用相同(tong)方(fang)法或者已(yi)經作好制(zhi)造(zao)、使(shi)用的(de)(de)必(bi)要準備，并且(qie)僅在原有范(fan)圍內繼續制(zhi)造(zao)、使(shi)用的(de)(de)，不視為(wei)侵(qin)犯(fan)專利(li)權(quan)。該規定就是技術(shu)方(fang)案的(de)(de)在先實施人享有先用權(quan)并進行侵(qin)權(quan)抗辯的(de)(de)法律依(yi)據。
由于(yu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用權(quan)(quan)抗辯制(zhi)度與專(zhuan)利(li)(li)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)制(zhi)度密切相關，因此，在(zai)討論(lun)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用權(quan)(quan)抗辯之(zhi)(zhi)前，我們有必要(yao)對(dui)我國專(zhuan)利(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)制(zhi)度做一(yi)個簡(jian)要(yao)回顧。專(zhuan)利(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)在(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)制(zhi)度，是指兩個以上的(de)(de)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)分(fen)別就同樣的(de)(de)發(fa)明創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)，專(zhuan)利(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)授予最(zui)(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)。專(zhuan)利(li)(li)法之(zhi)(zhi)所以要(yao)將專(zhuan)利(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)授予最(zui)(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)，是想(xiang)通過保護最(zui)(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)以達到(dao)鼓勵發(fa)明創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)目的(de)(de)；同時，在(zai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)制(zhi)度還簡(jian)化了當事人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)舉證責任，對(dui)某一(yi)技術方案主張(zhang)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)只需證明其系最(zui)(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)提出申(shen)請(qing)(qing)者，而無須證明其完成該發(fa)明創(chuang)(chuang)造(zao)的(de)(de)時間早于(yu)其他人(ren)(ren)。
但問題在(zai)于(yu)，當(dang)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)申(shen)(shen)請人(ren)就(jiu)其(qi)發明(ming)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)提出申(shen)(shen)請之前，可(ke)能有主體(ti)已(yi)(yi)經完成(cheng)并在(zai)先實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)了(le)內容相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)發明(ming)創造，且該主體(ti)已(yi)(yi)經為(wei)完成(cheng)和實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)該發明(ming)創造付出了(le)相(xiang)當(dang)的(de)成(cheng)本。在(zai)這種情(qing)況下，如果法律(lv)突然(ran)禁(jin)止先實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)人(ren)在(zai)其(qi)原(yuan)有范圍內繼(ji)續實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)其(qi)發明(ming)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)的(de)話，將損害先實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)者的(de)合(he)法權(quan)(quan)益(yi)，難謂合(he)理。基于(yu)以上各(ge)方利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)考(kao)量，法律(lv)在(zai)實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)先申(shen)(shen)請制度的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，同(tong)時(shi)輔之以先用權(quan)(quan)抗(kang)辯制度。通過先用權(quan)(quan)抗(kang)辯制度，法律(lv)將保護(hu)專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)的(de)在(zai)先實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)人(ren)在(zai)原(yuan)有范圍內繼(ji)續使用該專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)，并以此達到專(zhuan)利(li)(li)(li)權(quan)(quan)申(shen)(shen)請人(ren)與先實(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)人(ren)之間利(li)(li)(li)益(yi)的(de)平衡(heng)。
二、相(xiang)關案例(li)
（一）案件(jian)事實
王某(mou)于2006年12月(yue)8日(ri)就“交互式(shi)車載(zai)安防系(xi)統(tong)”（以下(xia)簡稱“涉案(an)專(zhuan)利）向國家知識產權(quan)(quan)局申(shen)(shen)請(qing)發明專(zhuan)利并獲(huo)得授權(quan)(quan)。專(zhuan)利申(shen)(shen)請(qing)公開(kai)日(ri)是2007年5月(yue)15日(ri)，頒(ban)證日(ri)是2009年2月(yue)5日(ri)，授權(quan)(quan)公告日(ri)是2009年4月(yue)2日(ri)。
2009年(nian)12月2日，甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)與乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)《汽(qi)(qi)車(che)設計合同》，約(yue)定由乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)設計A型(xing)(xing)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)圖(tu)紙，甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)向乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)支付(fu)設計費用10萬(wan)元(yuan)。2009年(nian)12月30日，甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)與丙(bing)(bing)公(gong)(gong)司(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)《汽(qi)(qi)車(che)制造合同》，約(yue)定由丙(bing)(bing)公(gong)(gong)司(si)根據乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)設計圖(tu)紙負責A型(xing)(xing)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)制造，甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)支付(fu)丙(bing)(bing)公(gong)(gong)司(si)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)制造價款100萬(wan)元(yuan)。A型(xing)(xing)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)設計制造所使用的(de)技(ji)術(shu)方案完全(quan)覆蓋了王(wang)某涉案專(zhuan)利所要求的(de)全(quan)部技(ji)術(shu)特征。王(wang)某遂于2011年(nian)5月20日向人民法(fa)院提起訴訟，請求法(fa)院判(pan)令甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)停止侵權，并賠償其經濟損失。
在本案(an)(an)專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)請日之前的(de)(de)(de)2005年(nian)11月5日，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)曾為(wei)其(qi)他公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)設(she)(she)計(ji)A型汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖紙(zhi)，丙公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)曾使用乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)圖紙(zhi)進行制(zhi)造。從(cong)該(gai)(gai)設(she)(she)計(ji)圖紙(zhi)上看，其(qi)所包含的(de)(de)(de)技術方(fang)案(an)(an)亦覆(fu)蓋了(le)涉案(an)(an)專(zhuan)利(li)所要求的(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)技術特征，且該(gai)(gai)設(she)(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)(an)完成之日早于涉案(an)(an)專(zhuan)利(li)申(shen)請之日。于是，甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)便(bian)以(yi)此為(wei)由抗(kang)辯主張其(qi)對涉案(an)(an)專(zhuan)利(li)享(xiang)有先用權(quan)。
（二）法院認(ren)定
一(yi)審法院(yuan)認為：A型(xing)汽車的(de)(de)(de)制造所(suo)依據的(de)(de)(de)設計圖紙雖(sui)然覆蓋了(le)王某(mou)的(de)(de)(de)涉(she)案(an)(an)(an)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)(an)(an)，但(dan)該設計圖紙所(suo)涉(she)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)日早于(yu)涉(she)案(an)(an)(an)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)申請之(zhi)(zhi)日。因(yin)此(ci)，依據《專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)法》第(di)六十九條第(di)一(yi)款第(di)（二）項關于(yu)在先(xian)使用專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)(an)(an)不構(gou)成(cheng)侵犯專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)權之(zhi)(zhi)規定，甲公司有權繼續(xu)在其原(yuan)有范圍內繼續(xu)使用涉(she)案(an)(an)(an)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)(an)(an)。故本案(an)(an)(an)中甲公司使用的(de)(de)(de)A型(xing)汽車的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)方案(an)(an)(an)不構(gou)成(cheng)侵犯本案(an)(an)(an)涉(she)案(an)(an)(an)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)利(li)(li)權。據此(ci)，一(yi)審法院(yuan)判決駁回了(le)王某(mou)的(de)(de)(de)訴訟請求。
王(wang)某不服一審判(pan)決，上訴至二審法院稱：1、先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)不適用(yong)(yong)于被(bei)控侵權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)他人(ren)先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形(xing)。在(zai)(zai)本案(an)中(zhong)，先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)為完成(cheng)A型汽(qi)車(che)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，而(er)非甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)。甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)如(ru)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)該(gai)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)即構成(cheng)侵權(quan)(quan)(quan)。2、先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)依法只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)由先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)自己使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，不能(neng)轉讓(rang)及受讓(rang)。乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)轉讓(rang)先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)、甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)受讓(rang)先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)違反專(zhuan)利(li)法。3、專(zhuan)利(li)法規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)原有范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)指先(xian)用(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)相同方(fang)法所投入的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)于該(gai)專(zhuan)利(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有形(xing)財產（如(ru)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)設(she)備(bei)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)，而(er)非在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)思想若是(shi)以圖(tu)紙(zhi)表示(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，圖(tu)紙(zhi)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)載體而(er)非使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。不能(neng)認(ren)定(ding)設(she)計(ji)單位在(zai)(zai)先(xian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)利(li)方(fang)法在(zai)(zai)圖(tu)紙(zhi)上設(she)計(ji)了一項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)，那(nei)么他就可以繼續將該(gai)圖(tu)紙(zhi)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)他生(sheng)產中(zhong)投入使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。因此，乙(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)只(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)王(wang)某提出專(zhuan)利(li)申請之(zhi)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產中(zhong)繼續使(shi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)，如(ru)再(zai)為甲公(gong)(gong)司(si)設(she)計(ji)汽(qi)車(che)圖(tu)紙(zhi)而(er)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)本涉案(an)專(zhuan)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)案(an)，則(ze)超出了原有的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。
二審法院認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：本案王某認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)乙(yi)(yi)公司和丙公司在(zai)A型(xing)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)制造(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)了與(yu)涉案專利(li)(li)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術方(fang)(fang)案，在(zai)專利(li)(li)權(quan)人獲得(de)(de)專利(li)(li)權(quan)后(hou)，在(zai)先(xian)實施人實施該技術方(fang)(fang)案只能(neng)局限在(zai)其(qi)申請日前已經開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，這無異(yi)于剝(bo)奪了在(zai)先(xian)實施人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)用(yong)權(quan)，使(shi)(shi)先(xian)用(yong)權(quan)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了一次就能(neng)用(yong)盡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)(li)，這顯然不(bu)符合立法之本意；乙(yi)(yi)公司和丙公司作為(wei)(wei)(wei)A型(xing)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)者和制造(zao)者，其(qi)職(zhi)責就是(shi)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和制造(zao)。在(zai)王某獲得(de)(de)專利(li)(li)權(quan)授權(quan)后(hou)，乙(yi)(yi)公司將(jiang)自己研究的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術方(fang)(fang)案在(zai)其(qi)他生(sheng)(sheng)產設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，應(ying)認(ren)(ren)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)原(yuan)有范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)繼(ji)續使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，不(bu)構(gou)成侵犯專利(li)(li)權(quan)。而在(zai)本案中(zhong)(zhong)，甲公司并(bing)非直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和制造(zao)主體，先(xian)用(yong)權(quan)并(bing)沒有因(yin)A型(xing)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)制造(zao)而發生(sheng)(sheng)移轉(zhuan)。因(yin)此(ci)(ci)，在(zai)乙(yi)(yi)公司不(bu)構(gou)成侵權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，甲公司在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產制造(zao)A型(xing)汽車(che)(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)(wei)也不(bu)構(gou)成專利(li)(li)權(quan)侵權(quan)。據此(ci)(ci)，二審法院判決(jue)駁回上訴，維持原(yuan)判。
三(san)、法律分析
上(shang)述案例表明(ming)，先用權(quan)的(de)(de)實(shi)施范圍(wei)往往會成為實(shi)務中爭議的(de)(de)焦點。《專(zhuan)利法》第六十九條第一(yi)款第（二(er)）項所規定(ding)的(de)(de)“原(yuan)有范圍(wei)“究(jiu)竟(jing)該(gai)如何界(jie)定(ding)呢？理論上(shang)認(ren)為，先用權(quan)得以實(shi)施的(de)(de)原(yuan)有范圍(wei)應從以下方(fang)面予以界(jie)定(ding)：
（一）繼(ji)續實施行(xing)為的范圍
該條規定的(de)在先實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)人行使先用(yong)權的(de)范(fan)圍系(xi)“制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)產品(pin)、使用(yong)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)方法(fa)(fa)或(huo)者已(yi)經作(zuo)好制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、使用(yong)的(de)必要準備”。從(cong)文義解(jie)釋出(chu)發(fa)，在先實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)人繼續實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)的(de)行為僅限于制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)和使用(yong)發(fa)明方法(fa)(fa)。惟需注意(yi)的(de)是(shi)，如在先實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)人因在先制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)行為獲得先用(yong)權，其在后的(de)繼續實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)行為應包括繼續制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)(zao)、銷(xiao)售、許(xu)諾銷(xiao)售或(huo)使用(yong)行為。
（二）繼續實(shi)施(shi)人的范圍
由于先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)不(bu)(bu)可轉讓和許可使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，只(zhi)有(you)在(zai)享有(you)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)發生(sheng)合并(bing)、分(fen)立、繼承(cheng)時方得(de)發生(sheng)主體(ti)(ti)之變更(geng)。因此，繼續實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍只(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)因在(zai)先(xian)(xian)制造(zao)相同(tong)產品、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相同(tong)方法(fa)(fa)而獲得(de)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)人(ren)。在(zai)本案(an)中，乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和丙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)無疑是(shi)本案(an)的(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)，但甲(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)并(bing)非先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)。原因在(zai)于，甲(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)與(yu)乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、丙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)之間的(de)(de)合同(tong)關(guan)系(xi)，在(zai)其(qi)性質上并(bing)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)認(ren)定為先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉讓法(fa)(fa)律關(guan)系(xi)，甲(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)并(bing)未因《汽車(che)設計合同(tong)》和《汽車(che)制造(zao)合同(tong)》的(de)(de)簽訂而獲得(de)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)；此外，如果甲(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)未與(yu)乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)、丙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)簽訂使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)該涉案(an)專利技術方案(an)的(de)(de)合同(tong)，乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和丙公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)將無處實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)也就變成了無法(fa)(fa)行使的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利。因此，為了確保先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠得(de)以實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，享有(you)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)有(you)權(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)新加入的(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)一道共同(tong)行使先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)，且不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)因此認(ren)定新加入的(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)在(zai)共同(tong)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)時受(shou)讓了其(qi)先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)而成為了先(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)人(ren)。
先用權抗辯(bian)制(zhi)度集中(zhong)展現(xian)了立法(fa)中(zhong)的(de)利(li)(li)益衡平理念。立法(fa)者要求專利(li)(li)法(fa)在保護申(shen)請人專利(li)(li)權的(de)同時(shi)，必須顧(gu)及到(dao)發(fa)明(ming)專利(li)(li)利(li)(li)益相關(guan)方的(de)合(he)法(fa)權益。在實務(wu)中(zhong)，經(jing)營主體只有對其(qi)進(jin)行了解、掌握，才能充分維護自身合(he)法(fa)權益。
中國(guo)汽車維修(xiu)行業協(xie)會
2019年3月(yue)4日(ri)
